"խնձոր" meaning in Old Armenian

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "getnaxnjor",
      "word": "գետնախնձոր"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "xncorxot",
      "word": "խնծորխոտ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "xnjoraber",
      "word": "խնձորաբեր"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "xnjorakul",
      "word": "խնձորակուլ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "xnjoreni",
      "word": "խնձորենի"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "word": "խնձորի"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "xnjorik",
      "word": "խնձորիկ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "karmraxnjor",
      "word": "կարմրախնձոր"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "oskexnjor",
      "word": "ոսկեխնձոր"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "խնձոր"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: խնձոր (xnjor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: խնձոր (xnjor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "axm",
            "2": "խնծոր"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Armenian: խնծոր (xncor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Armenian: խնծոր (xncor)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "xhu",
        "3": "𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒",
        "tr": "ḫe-en-zu-ru",
        "ts": "ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Hurrian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (ḫe-en-zu-ru /⁠ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)⁠/)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "xur",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Urartian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udi",
        "2": "еъшӀ",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Udi еъшӏ (e̱š:, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdk",
        "2": "йеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Budukh йеч (ječ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kry",
        "2": "йеч",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Kryts йеч (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tab",
        "2": "вич"
      },
      "expansion": "Tabasaran вич (vič)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "agx",
        "2": "хIеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Aghul хӏеч (ḥʳeč)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lez",
        "2": "ич",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Lezgi ич (ič, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rut",
        "2": "еч"
      },
      "expansion": "Rutul еч",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tkr",
        "2": "еч",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Tsakhur еч (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aqc",
        "2": "анш",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Archi анш (anš, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dar",
        "2": "гӀинц",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Dargwa гӏинц (ʿinc, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lbe",
        "2": "гьивч",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Lak гьивч (hiwč, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "av",
        "2": "гӀеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Avar гӏеч (ʻeč)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ani",
        "2": "инчи"
      },
      "expansion": "Andi инчи (inči)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpt",
        "2": "гӀече"
      },
      "expansion": "Karata гӏече",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bph",
        "2": "инчу"
      },
      "expansion": "Botlikh инчу (inču)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gdo",
        "2": "ичу"
      },
      "expansion": "Godoberi ичу",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cji",
        "2": "гӀич"
      },
      "expansion": "Chamalal гӏич (ʻič)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tin",
        "2": "ечи"
      },
      "expansion": "Tindi ечи",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kva",
        "2": "гӀеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Bagvalal гӏеч (ˀeč)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akv",
        "2": "гӀече",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Akhvakh гӏече (ʻʳeče, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "huz",
        "2": "ẽš"
      },
      "expansion": "Hunzib ẽš",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kap",
        "2": "ẽš"
      },
      "expansion": "Bezhta ẽš",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gin",
        "2": "ʕiši"
      },
      "expansion": "Hinukh ʕiši",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ddo",
        "2": "heneš"
      },
      "expansion": "Tsez heneš",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "khv",
        "2": "е̃ш",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Khvarshi е̃ш (ẽš, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjj",
        "2": "mıç",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Khinalug mıç (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inh",
        "2": "хьамиск"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingush хьамиск (ḥʳamisk)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ce",
        "2": "хьаьмцаш",
        "t": "medlar"
      },
      "expansion": "Chechen хьаьмцаш (ḥʳämcaš, “medlar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inh",
        "2": "ӏаж"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingush ӏаж (ˀaž)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ce",
        "2": "Ӏаж",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Chechen ӏаж (ˀaž, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "*wašl-",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *wašl- (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒",
        "ts": "ḫinzūru"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (/⁠ḫinzūru⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arc",
        "2": "חֲזוּרָא",
        "tr": "ḥăzzūrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Aramaic חֲזוּרָא (ḥăzzūrā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܚܙܘܪܐ",
        "tr": "ḥazzūrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܚܙܘܪܐ (ḥazzūrā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sux",
        "2": "𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫",
        "tr": "^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂",
        "ts": "ḫašḫur"
      },
      "expansion": "Sumerian 𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫 (^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂ /⁠ḫašḫur⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hurrian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (ḫe-en-zu-ru /⁠ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)⁠/) (possibly to be transcribed ḫnzor(i)), or its unattested Urartian cognate. The If the -uri of the Hurrian root ḫinz- itself is a suffix, a Dagestani source is suggested by Nielsen on comparison with Udi еъшӏ (e̱š:, “apple”), Budukh йеч (ječ), Kryts йеч (“apple”), Tabasaran вич (vič), Aghul хӏеч (ḥʳeč), Lezgi ич (ič, “apple”), Rutul еч, Tsakhur еч (“apple”), Archi анш (anš, “apple”), Dargwa гӏинц (ʿinc, “apple”), Lak гьивч (hiwč, “apple”), Avar гӏеч (ʻeč), Andi инчи (inči), Karata гӏече, Botlikh инчу (inču), Godoberi ичу, Chamalal гӏич (ʻič), Tindi ечи, Bagvalal гӏеч (ˀeč), Akhvakh гӏече (ʻʳeče, “apple”), Hunzib ẽš, Bezhta ẽš, Hinukh ʕiši, Tsez heneš, Khvarshi е̃ш (ẽš, “apple”), Khinalug mıç (“apple”), Ingush хьамиск (ḥʳamisk), Chechen хьаьмцаш (ḥʳämcaš, “medlar”), Ingush ӏаж (ˀaž), Chechen ӏаж (ˀaž, “apple”), Proto-Kartvelian *wašl- (“apple”). A Dagestani > Urartian > Armenian path is possible. But since the date given for the Middle East is relatively imprecise and the exact path of spread remains unknown, separate loans into Dagestani and Urartian are also possible. Akkadian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (/⁠ḫinzūru⁠/), Aramaic חֲזוּרָא (ḥăzzūrā), Classical Syriac ܚܙܘܪܐ (ḥazzūrā) and possibly Sumerian 𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫 (^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂ /⁠ḫašḫur⁠/) are borrowed from Hurrian. The Urartian suffix behind -որ- (-or-) is also found in սալոր (salor, “plum”), աղտոր (aġtor, “sumac”), and գխտոր (gxtor, “gall (nut)”).\n* Since a term for wild apple is unlikely to have been borrowed given the Hurrian attestation and Urartian source for the Armenian word, the domesticate's path of spread is relevant in discriminating between a direct Dagestani > Hurrian and an indirect Unknown > (Dagestani, Hurrian) origin. Although a role of the native Caucasian species Malus orientalis in the domestication of Caucasian and even European cultivars of Malus domestica had previously been suggested, it was not until 2012 that such introgression was genetically confirmed, the admixture being dated to approximately 4,500 years ago. Since this preceded the earliest secure attestation of apples in Mesopotamia, this opened the possibility that M. domestica arrived in North Mesopotamia from the Caucasus. In 2022 a study showed that Armenian landraces descend largely from native M. orientalis; the presence of some lowland ancestry may indicate a Dagestani role in the spread of the domesticated apple, but without a larger sample size, admixture/diversification dates could not be reliably computed, so the Armenian domestication event could date to a much later time (as with the Iranian landraces).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xnjor",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ո",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորք",
      "roman": "xnjorkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոյ",
      "roman": "xnjoroy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոց",
      "roman": "xnjorocʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոյ",
      "roman": "xnjoroy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոց",
      "roman": "xnjorocʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոյ",
      "roman": "xnjoroy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոց",
      "roman": "xnjorocʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորով",
      "roman": "xnjorov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորովք",
      "roman": "xnjorovkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորք",
      "roman": "xnjorkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորի",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորից",
      "roman": "xnjoricʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորի",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորից",
      "roman": "xnjoricʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորէ",
      "roman": "xnjorē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորից",
      "roman": "xnjoricʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորիւ",
      "roman": "xnjoriw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորիւք",
      "roman": "xnjoriwkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորի",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "խնձոր • (xnjor)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "խնձոր • (xnjor)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "խնձոր",
        "11": "խնձորոց",
        "13": "խնձոր",
        "15": "խնձորս",
        "17": "խնձորոյ",
        "19": "խնձորոց",
        "21": "խնձորով",
        "23": "խնձորովք",
        "25": "խնձոր",
        "27": "խնձորս",
        "3": "խնձորք",
        "5": "խնձորոյ",
        "7": "խնձորոց",
        "9": "խնձորոյ",
        "note": "",
        "type": "o-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "խնձոր",
        "11": "խնձորից",
        "13": "խնձոր",
        "15": "խնձորս",
        "17": "խնձորէ",
        "19": "խնձորից",
        "21": "խնձորիւ",
        "23": "խնձորիւք",
        "25": "խնձորի",
        "27": "խնձորս",
        "3": "խնձորք",
        "5": "խնձորի",
        "7": "խնձորից",
        "9": "խնձորի",
        "note": "",
        "type": "i-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "63 12 25",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "xcl",
          "name": "Fruits",
          "orig": "xcl:Fruits",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "5th century, Pʻawstos Buzand, Hayoc Patmutʻiwnʻ [History of the Armenians] V.7",
          "text": "Եւ ի ժամ աղանդեր մատուցանելոյ՝ եդին առաջի նորա միրգ, խնձոր եւ վարունգ եւ ամիճ, զի կերիցէ․\nEw i žam ałander matucʻaneloy, edin aṙaǰi nora mirg, xnjor ew varung ew amič, zi kericʻē;\nTranslation by Nina G. Garsoïan\nAnd at the time for the presentation of dessert, they placed fruit before [Aršak]—apples and cucumbers and amič, that he might eat."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "apple (fruit)"
      ],
      "id": "en-խնձոր-xcl-noun-goQPea4J",
      "links": [
        [
          "apple",
          "apple"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "33 50 18",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "xcl",
          "name": "Pome fruits",
          "orig": "xcl:Pome fruits",
          "parents": [
            "Rose family plants",
            "Shrubs",
            "Trees",
            "Rosales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "apple tree"
      ],
      "id": "en-խնձոր-xcl-noun-usod2lXZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "apple tree",
          "apple tree"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the round part of the dome under the cross"
      ],
      "id": "en-խնձոր-xcl-noun-XzStZ3su",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) the round part of the dome under the cross"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "խնձոր"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Old Armenian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Old Armenian lemmas",
    "Old Armenian links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Old Armenian nouns",
    "Old Armenian terms borrowed from Hurrian",
    "Old Armenian terms borrowed from Urartian",
    "Old Armenian terms derived from Hurrian",
    "Old Armenian terms derived from Urartian",
    "xcl:Fruits",
    "xcl:Pome fruits"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "getnaxnjor",
      "word": "գետնախնձոր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xncorxot",
      "word": "խնծորխոտ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xnjoraber",
      "word": "խնձորաբեր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xnjorakul",
      "word": "խնձորակուլ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xnjoreni",
      "word": "խնձորենի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "word": "խնձորի"
    },
    {
      "roman": "xnjorik",
      "word": "խնձորիկ"
    },
    {
      "roman": "karmraxnjor",
      "word": "կարմրախնձոր"
    },
    {
      "roman": "oskexnjor",
      "word": "ոսկեխնձոր"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hy",
            "2": "խնձոր"
          },
          "expansion": "Armenian: խնձոր (xnjor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Armenian: խնձոր (xnjor)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "axm",
            "2": "խնծոր"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Armenian: խնծոր (xncor)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Armenian: խնծոր (xncor)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "xhu",
        "3": "𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒",
        "tr": "ḫe-en-zu-ru",
        "ts": "ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Hurrian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (ḫe-en-zu-ru /⁠ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)⁠/)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "xur",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Urartian",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "udi",
        "2": "еъшӀ",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Udi еъшӏ (e̱š:, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bdk",
        "2": "йеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Budukh йеч (ječ)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kry",
        "2": "йеч",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Kryts йеч (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tab",
        "2": "вич"
      },
      "expansion": "Tabasaran вич (vič)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "agx",
        "2": "хIеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Aghul хӏеч (ḥʳeč)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lez",
        "2": "ич",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Lezgi ич (ič, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "rut",
        "2": "еч"
      },
      "expansion": "Rutul еч",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tkr",
        "2": "еч",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Tsakhur еч (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "aqc",
        "2": "анш",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Archi анш (anš, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dar",
        "2": "гӀинц",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Dargwa гӏинц (ʿinc, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lbe",
        "2": "гьивч",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Lak гьивч (hiwč, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "av",
        "2": "гӀеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Avar гӏеч (ʻeč)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ani",
        "2": "инчи"
      },
      "expansion": "Andi инчи (inči)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kpt",
        "2": "гӀече"
      },
      "expansion": "Karata гӏече",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bph",
        "2": "инчу"
      },
      "expansion": "Botlikh инчу (inču)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gdo",
        "2": "ичу"
      },
      "expansion": "Godoberi ичу",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cji",
        "2": "гӀич"
      },
      "expansion": "Chamalal гӏич (ʻič)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "tin",
        "2": "ечи"
      },
      "expansion": "Tindi ечи",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kva",
        "2": "гӀеч"
      },
      "expansion": "Bagvalal гӏеч (ˀeč)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akv",
        "2": "гӀече",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Akhvakh гӏече (ʻʳeče, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "huz",
        "2": "ẽš"
      },
      "expansion": "Hunzib ẽš",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kap",
        "2": "ẽš"
      },
      "expansion": "Bezhta ẽš",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gin",
        "2": "ʕiši"
      },
      "expansion": "Hinukh ʕiši",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ddo",
        "2": "heneš"
      },
      "expansion": "Tsez heneš",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "khv",
        "2": "е̃ш",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Khvarshi е̃ш (ẽš, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kjj",
        "2": "mıç",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Khinalug mıç (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inh",
        "2": "хьамиск"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingush хьамиск (ḥʳamisk)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ce",
        "2": "хьаьмцаш",
        "t": "medlar"
      },
      "expansion": "Chechen хьаьмцаш (ḥʳämcaš, “medlar”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inh",
        "2": "ӏаж"
      },
      "expansion": "Ingush ӏаж (ˀaž)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ce",
        "2": "Ӏаж",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Chechen ӏаж (ˀaž, “apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ccs-pro",
        "2": "*wašl-",
        "t": "apple"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Kartvelian *wašl- (“apple”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "akk",
        "2": "𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒",
        "ts": "ḫinzūru"
      },
      "expansion": "Akkadian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (/⁠ḫinzūru⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "arc",
        "2": "חֲזוּרָא",
        "tr": "ḥăzzūrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Aramaic חֲזוּרָא (ḥăzzūrā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "syc",
        "2": "ܚܙܘܪܐ",
        "tr": "ḥazzūrā"
      },
      "expansion": "Classical Syriac ܚܙܘܪܐ (ḥazzūrā)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sux",
        "2": "𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫",
        "tr": "^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂",
        "ts": "ḫašḫur"
      },
      "expansion": "Sumerian 𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫 (^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂ /⁠ḫašḫur⁠/)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Hurrian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (ḫe-en-zu-ru /⁠ḫenzūru, ḫinzur(i)⁠/) (possibly to be transcribed ḫnzor(i)), or its unattested Urartian cognate. The If the -uri of the Hurrian root ḫinz- itself is a suffix, a Dagestani source is suggested by Nielsen on comparison with Udi еъшӏ (e̱š:, “apple”), Budukh йеч (ječ), Kryts йеч (“apple”), Tabasaran вич (vič), Aghul хӏеч (ḥʳeč), Lezgi ич (ič, “apple”), Rutul еч, Tsakhur еч (“apple”), Archi анш (anš, “apple”), Dargwa гӏинц (ʿinc, “apple”), Lak гьивч (hiwč, “apple”), Avar гӏеч (ʻeč), Andi инчи (inči), Karata гӏече, Botlikh инчу (inču), Godoberi ичу, Chamalal гӏич (ʻič), Tindi ечи, Bagvalal гӏеч (ˀeč), Akhvakh гӏече (ʻʳeče, “apple”), Hunzib ẽš, Bezhta ẽš, Hinukh ʕiši, Tsez heneš, Khvarshi е̃ш (ẽš, “apple”), Khinalug mıç (“apple”), Ingush хьамиск (ḥʳamisk), Chechen хьаьмцаш (ḥʳämcaš, “medlar”), Ingush ӏаж (ˀaž), Chechen ӏаж (ˀaž, “apple”), Proto-Kartvelian *wašl- (“apple”). A Dagestani > Urartian > Armenian path is possible. But since the date given for the Middle East is relatively imprecise and the exact path of spread remains unknown, separate loans into Dagestani and Urartian are also possible. Akkadian 𒄭𒂗𒍪𒊒 (/⁠ḫinzūru⁠/), Aramaic חֲזוּרָא (ḥăzzūrā), Classical Syriac ܚܙܘܪܐ (ḥazzūrā) and possibly Sumerian 𒄑𒄩𒋗𒌫 (^(GIŠ)ḫa-šu-ur₂ /⁠ḫašḫur⁠/) are borrowed from Hurrian. The Urartian suffix behind -որ- (-or-) is also found in սալոր (salor, “plum”), աղտոր (aġtor, “sumac”), and գխտոր (gxtor, “gall (nut)”).\n* Since a term for wild apple is unlikely to have been borrowed given the Hurrian attestation and Urartian source for the Armenian word, the domesticate's path of spread is relevant in discriminating between a direct Dagestani > Hurrian and an indirect Unknown > (Dagestani, Hurrian) origin. Although a role of the native Caucasian species Malus orientalis in the domestication of Caucasian and even European cultivars of Malus domestica had previously been suggested, it was not until 2012 that such introgression was genetically confirmed, the admixture being dated to approximately 4,500 years ago. Since this preceded the earliest secure attestation of apples in Mesopotamia, this opened the possibility that M. domestica arrived in North Mesopotamia from the Caucasus. In 2022 a study showed that Armenian landraces descend largely from native M. orientalis; the presence of some lowland ancestry may indicate a Dagestani role in the spread of the domesticated apple, but without a larger sample size, admixture/diversification dates could not be reliably computed, so the Armenian domestication event could date to a much later time (as with the Iranian landraces).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "xnjor",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ո",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "o-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորք",
      "roman": "xnjorkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոյ",
      "roman": "xnjoroy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոց",
      "roman": "xnjorocʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոյ",
      "roman": "xnjoroy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոց",
      "roman": "xnjorocʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոյ",
      "roman": "xnjoroy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորոց",
      "roman": "xnjorocʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորով",
      "roman": "xnjorov",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորովք",
      "roman": "xnjorovkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "xcl-noun-ի",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "i-type",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորք",
      "roman": "xnjorkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորի",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորից",
      "roman": "xnjoricʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորի",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորից",
      "roman": "xnjoricʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձոր",
      "roman": "xnjor",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորէ",
      "roman": "xnjorē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորից",
      "roman": "xnjoricʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորիւ",
      "roman": "xnjoriw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորիւք",
      "roman": "xnjoriwkʻ",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորի",
      "roman": "xnjori",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "խնձորս",
      "roman": "xnjors",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "noun",
        "cat2": "",
        "g": "",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "խնձոր • (xnjor)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "խնձոր • (xnjor)",
      "name": "xcl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "խնձոր",
        "11": "խնձորոց",
        "13": "խնձոր",
        "15": "խնձորս",
        "17": "խնձորոյ",
        "19": "խնձորոց",
        "21": "խնձորով",
        "23": "խնձորովք",
        "25": "խնձոր",
        "27": "խնձորս",
        "3": "խնձորք",
        "5": "խնձորոյ",
        "7": "խնձորոց",
        "9": "խնձորոյ",
        "note": "",
        "type": "o-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "խնձոր",
        "11": "խնձորից",
        "13": "խնձոր",
        "15": "խնձորս",
        "17": "խնձորէ",
        "19": "խնձորից",
        "21": "խնձորիւ",
        "23": "խնձորիւք",
        "25": "խնձորի",
        "27": "խնձորս",
        "3": "խնձորք",
        "5": "խնձորի",
        "7": "խնձորից",
        "9": "խնձորի",
        "note": "",
        "type": "i-type"
      },
      "name": "xcl-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Armenian",
  "lang_code": "xcl",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Armenian terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "5th century, Pʻawstos Buzand, Hayoc Patmutʻiwnʻ [History of the Armenians] V.7",
          "text": "Եւ ի ժամ աղանդեր մատուցանելոյ՝ եդին առաջի նորա միրգ, խնձոր եւ վարունգ եւ ամիճ, զի կերիցէ․\nEw i žam ałander matucʻaneloy, edin aṙaǰi nora mirg, xnjor ew varung ew amič, zi kericʻē;\nTranslation by Nina G. Garsoïan\nAnd at the time for the presentation of dessert, they placed fruit before [Aršak]—apples and cucumbers and amič, that he might eat."
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "apple (fruit)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "apple",
          "apple"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "apple tree"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "apple tree",
          "apple tree"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "the round part of the dome under the cross"
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative) the round part of the dome under the cross"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "խնձոր"
}